Capitalisation of spiritual terms

 

Commonly used Italian curse words and insults

April 22, 2020 

Jessica Maggi

Italy and swearing just belong together. When it comes to curse words (parolacce) and insults, no one does it quite like the Italians.

One of the most fascinating things about swearing in Italian is that the vocabulary is so vast, rich and colorful.

Here is a guide to the insults and bad words you will need when arguing like an Italian. Even if you don’t use them, knowing these swear words will allow you to fully understand what is being said around you, since you will surely come across them often when in Italy.

Note: This post may contain terms that are inappropriate for some readers.

Cazzo – F*ck

In Italian, the word cazzo literally means “dick”, and is commonly used not only to express anger, but also as an exclamation of surprise, disappointment or even appreciation. It is extremely common, and mastering its usage is crucial to better relate to those around you. It can be added to a sentence, or be used as an exclamation. You can use cazzo, pronounced /kattso/, in combination with Italian question words, to add sass to what you are saying. For example:
Chi (who):

Chi cazzo credi di essere?

Who the fuck do you think you are?

Che (what):

Che cazzo dici?

What the fuck are you saying?

Dove (where):

Dove cazzo vai?

Where the fuck are you going?

Quando (when):

Quando cazzo torni?

When the fuck are you coming back?

Perché (why):

Perché cazzo non me l’hai detto?

Why the fuck didn’t you tell me?

We also use “’sto cazzo” (literally: this dick) to emphasize stuff in normal conversations. The term minchia, pronounced /meenkia/, has the exact same meaning and usage as cazzo, but note that it is a feminine noun. It originates from the Sicilian dialect, and is now common anywhere in Italy. Minchia and cazzo can be used interchangeably.

For example:

Che minchia stai dicendo? / Che cazzo stai dicendo?

What the fuck are you saying?

Cazzo and minchia are definitely bad words, so use them sparingly. I mean, don’t use them at dinner with your Italian in-laws. Remember that cazzo and minchia are never acceptable in writing and in formal situations.

Softer alternatives:

The mild form of cazzo is cavolo, which means cabbage. Cavolo is inoffensive and harmless enough that even children say it.

Others substitutes for the vulgar expression cazzo are:

cacchio

pronounced /kakkjo/, which is an agricultural term that indicates the sprouts of vines

cactus

a spiny, leafless plant

Kaiser

emperor in German

cazzarola

casserole, pot, saucepan

caspita

corresponds to “wow”, and is totally inoffensive. Its diminutive caspiterina is also very common

Note that cacchio and cazzarola retain a teeny tiny little dose of cursing.

Vaffanculo – F*ck off, f*ck you, go f*ck yourself

Vaffanculo is probably the dirtiest, nastiest and most famous curse word of all. You are likely to really make someone angry when using this expression.

Consider this the Italian version of “fuck off”, “fuck you” and “screw you”. It is used to invite someone to leave, or to stop doing something. The word vaffanculo, or fanculo, is the contract form of the phrase “vai a fare in culo”, which literally means “go fuck someone in the ass”. There are different ways to say fuck off in Italian. You may happen to hear:

vai a dar via il culo

an exhortation to have a passive anal intercourse

va’ a farti fottere

literally: go let someone fuck you

vai a prenderlo in culo

go take it up your ass

vattelo a pigliare in culo\

go take it up your ass

vai a cagare

literally means “go take a shit”

All the above examples are equivalent to vaffanculo.Here are some clean alternatives:

vaffanbagno

go take a bath

vaffanbrodo

go make a broth

vaffancuore

go make a heart

vai a quel paese

go to that village

vai a dormire

go to sleep

vai a casa

go home

vai a farti un giro

go for a walk

If you want to be extra insulting, though, curse someone’s dead loved ones by saying vaffanculo a chi t’è morto, which literally means “go fuck your dead family members”. This expression is used especially in the south of Italy.

Porca puttana – Bloody hell, damn, dammit

In Italy, when something truly pisses us off, we yell “porca puttana”, which literally translates to “pig slut”, and is used in a similar way as “bloody hell”. A great way to express anger at stubbing your toe or dealing with traffic, “porca puttana” is a colorful way to say “dammit” or “damn”.

For example:

Porca puttana, guarda dove vai!\

Damnit, watch where you’re going!

Instead of puttana you can use a synonym, such as troia, zoccola and mignotta, which all mean “slut”.

If you want to use a clean version, say porca miseria, which means “pig misery/pig poverty”. The word porca (pig, pork) is not very elegant indeed, but it is not so dirty either. Porca miseria is an acceptable expression in Italian. I’ve heard people say porca pupazza (pig puppet), porca paletta (pig shovel), porca puzzola (pig skunk) and porca trota (pig trout). Porca vacca (pig cow) and porca zozza (pig dirty) can be used too, but they are not completely clean, as the terms vacca and zozza are commonly used to mean whore.

Merda – Shit

How comprehensive of a list of swear words could this be without some way to say “shit” in Italian? Merda is used in exactly the same way as “shit” in English.Accidenti, accidentaccio, perbacco, accipicchia and acciderbole are more polite alternatives. These expressions sound a little old-fashioned and don’t really have a meaning. Use them to avoid saying “merda”. For example:

Merda! Ho dimenticato il telefono in casa!\

Shit, I forgot my phone at home!

Accidenti! Ho dimenticato il telefono in casa!

Man, I forgot my phone at home!

(Mi) hai rotto i coglioni, (mi) hai rotto il cazzo - You’re being really fucking annoying

Mi hai rotto i coglioni literally means “you have cracked my balls”. You can replace i coglioni with il cazzo, if you like.

Similar expressions are:

mi hai fatto girare i coglioni

literally translates to “you have turned my balls”

mi hai cagato il cazzo

meaning “you have shitted my dick”

All the above expressions refer to someone being really, really annoying.

Palle (balls), balle (bales), marroni (chestnuts), cocomeri (watermelons) and zebedei (bollocks) are slightly nicer ways of saying coglioni. 100% clean alternatives are scatole (boxes) and i cosiddetti (the so-called).

For example:

Mi hai proprio rotto i coglioni!

You’re breaking my fucking balls!

Mi hai proprio rotto le scatole / Mi hai rotto i cosiddetti!

You’re so annoying!

Non dire cazzate/minchiate/puttanate/stronzate – Don’t talk bullshit!

Cazzata, minchiata, stronzata and puttanata correspond to bullshit in English, and indicate a lie or something stupid. If you want to use a clean alternative, substitute them with cavolata, stupidaggine or fesseria, which mean nonsense.

For example:

Non dire cazzate!

Don’t talk bullshit!

Non dire cavolate/fesserie/stupidaggini!

Don’t talk rubbish!

Figa – C*nt

Figa means cunt in Italian. It is slang for “vagina”. As an exclamation, it can express anything from surprise to disappointment, frustration and extreme satisfaction.

For example:

Figa, ho detto di no!

I fucking said no!

It is used A LOT in informal, everyday speech as an interjection, without a real meaning. Here in Lombardy, saying figa is like putting the dot at the end of a sentence. It is so common that it is not even perceived as dirty anymore. As an adjective, figa is very vulgar, yet not necessarily offensive. It actually means sexy, hot and attractive if referring to a woman. If referring to a guy (figo), it means someone really cool, handsome and confident, a stud.

Gnocca, typical Bolognese version of figa, is widely used with the same meaning.

Suca – Suck my d*ck

Suca, or succhia, roughly translates to “suck my cock” or “suck my dick”. It is a very raunchy, rude and offensive expression, especially when accompanied by a vulgar hand gesture that mimics the classic head-push during oral sex.This is not used to ask someone to have an oral intercourse with you, though. Suca is to be used when someone pisses you off, as a way to intimidate, mortify and humiliate them.

Italian insults ranked in order of offensiveness

Here is a list of insults, ranked in order of offensiveness. Most of the following insults end in -o. Make sure you use the correct ending depending on who you want to insult, and which gender you need to use. Use -o for masculine, and -a for feminine.

Sfigato – Loser

In the most basic sense, sfigato means “loser”, and can be used to refer to someone who is uncool, dorky, clumsy, hapless or very unlucky.

For example:

Sei uno sfigato! / Sei una sfigata!

You’re a loser!

Faccia di culo – Assface

Faccia di culo literally means that your face looks like an ass. Don’t take offence, though, because in Italian it is not as bad as it sounds. If someone has a faccia da culo, or la faccia come il culo, it actually means that they have a lot of nerve and are very direct.

It doesn’t change according to gender.

Rincoglionito

Rincoglionirsi literally means to become senile. Rincoglionito and its clean synonyms rimbambito, stordito and suonato are used to refer to someone stupid or contemptibly absent-minded, with their head in the clouds. For example:

Ti sei rincoglionito?! / Ti sei rincoglionita?!

Are you out of your mind?

Rompicoglioni – Ball breaker, ballbuster, pain in the ass

Rompicoglioni corresponds to “ballbuster”, “ball breaker” and “pain in the ass” in English. It indicates someone that bothers you, or annoys you.

Clean alternatives are rompiscatole, literally box breaker, and spina nel fianco, which has its almost literal equivalent in “a thorn in my side”. Rompicoglioni is invariable. For example:

Paolo è un gran rompicoglioni / Sara è una gran rompicoglioni

Paolo is a pain in the ass / Sara is a pain in the ass.

Paolo è un gran rompiscatole / Sara è una gran rompiscatole

Paolo is such a nuisance / Sara is such a nuisance.

Cagacazzo

Cagacazzo comes from the abovementioned expression “mi hai cagato il cazzo”, and refers to someone who is being really irritating and annoying. It is invariable.

For example:

Matteo è proprio un cagacazzo

Matteo is a real fucking pain-in-the-ass.

Alessia è proprio una cagacazzo

Alessia is a real fucking pain-in-the-ass.

Morto di figa – Poonhound

Consider morto di figa the Italian version of calling someone a poonhound or cunt-struck. It refers to an heterosexual man with strong sexual desires, who really enjoys the pursuit of poon and can’t get enough poontang. For example:

Roberto è un morto di figa

Roberto sure is a poonhound.

Segaiolo – Wanker

Segaiolo has its almost literal equivalent in the English term “wanker”, literally “one who masturbates”. It is a mildly offensive insult, used to refer to a very unpleasant man.

Leccaculo – Ass l*cker

Leccaculo literally means “ass licker”, and refers to someone who behaves obsequiously not because they are genuinely nice and caring, but for their own advantage, in order to gain favor. It corresponds to “kiss-ass” in English and is invariable.A softer version is leccapiedi, which means feet licker.

Mezza sega – Pipsqueak

Sega is handjob in Italian. Mezza sega literally translates to “half a saw”, but actually means pipsqueak. It indicates someone who is insignificant and unimportant.

It is also used to say that you suck at something. For example:

Sono una mezza sega in matematica

I suck at math / I’m rubbish at math.

A clean alternative is mezza calzetta, which means half sock.

Coglione – Idiot

Coglione is, perhaps, the most common insult that Italians of all ages like to use against each other. It literally translates to testicle. Saying that someone is a coglione means that they are inept, stupid, unintelligent and contemptibly naïve.

It corresponds to dumbass, dummy and idiot in English. Softer synonyms include asino (donkey), somaro (donkey) and fessacchiotto (silly).

For example:

Sei un coglione! / Sei una cogliona!


You’re such an idiot!

Sei un fessacchiotto! / Sei una fessacchiotta!

You’re so silly!

Cazzone, minchione – Idiot

Cazzone and minchione literally mean big penis, and can be used as direct insults. They are another way to say idiot, dolt and chump in Italian. Remember to change the ending when referring to a female. For example:

Sei un cazzone/minchione / Sei una cazzona/minchiona

You’re such an idiot!

Frocio, ricchione, culattone, rottinculo – Faggot

If you want to insult someone’s manhood, you could take a homophobic turn with frocio, ricchione, culattone and rottinculo, which are all slurs for gay people. A slightly milder alternative is finocchio, which means fennel, but has come to mean homo.

Cornuto – Cuckold

Cornuto literally means horned, and refers to a man whose wife is cheating on him. It is extremely offensive in southern Italy. Expect to get a lot of anger back if you say it.

Stronzo – Asshole, bastard, mean

A fairly common Italian insult is stronzo, which corresponds to “asshole” in English. It is widely used to indicate that somebody is a bad, cruel, despicable and detestable person. Stronza, feminine, corresponds to “bitch”.

Stronzo is turd in English, which means piece of excrement. If you want to make it even stronger, say stronzo malcagato, which literally translates to “badly shitted turd”. The best thing to do if you want to avoid saying stronzo is to use brutta persona (bad person) or something more specific, like insensibile (insensitive). For example:

Sei proprio uno stronzo! / Sei proprio una stronza!

You’re such an asshole!

Sei proprio una brutta persona!


You’re such a bad person!

Clean, childish alternatives are struzzo (ostrich) and strombolo, which I think comes from Stromboli, a volcanic island off the north coast of Sicily, in the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Pezzo di merda – Piece of shit


Pezzo di merda corresponds to “piece of shit”, and its meaning is similar to stronzo. It indicates an awful, horrible, deplorable person.

For example:

A slightly better synonym is pezzo di fango, literally piece of mud, which is still very offensive.

Testa di cazzo, testa di minchia – Dickhead, prick

If you ever come to Italy, you will hear the word cazzo a lot. Testa di cazzo and testa di minchia correspond to “dickhead”, and are commonly used to indicate an unkind, unpleasant and bad-mannered person. As mentioned previously, a clean version of cazzo is cavolo (cabbage). Replace testa di cazzo with testa di cavolo, then, if you want to sound less rude.

Figlio di puttana – Son of a bitch

As was mentioned earlier, if you aim to be extra offensive, target family members. Figlio di puttana is a strong, highly offensive insult, and means son of a whore. Again, you can replace puttana with a synonym, like troia and mignotta. You choose.

Italians are very touchy about mothers, and this is the most insulting you can go. Use it with caution. Thanks God, “motherfucker” doesn’t have an exact equivalent in Italian.

Figlio di buona donna, literally meaning “son of a good woman”, sounds like a more polite synonym, but is frequently used sarcastically.

For example:

Quel figlio di puttana mi ha rubato l’autoradio

That son of a bitch stole my car radio

Quel figlio di buona donna mi ha rubato l’autoradio

That son of a biscuit stole my car radio

Blasphemous swears

The most controversial Italian swears revolve around religion. In Italy, blasphemous expressions shock and offend way more than vulgar and sexual swear words. Cursing God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, the apostles and all the saints is considered especially taboo in Italy.

In the regions of Veneto and Tuscany, blasphemous profanity mix with ordinary swear words without causing much offence. In Veneto in particular, blasphemy has become a stereotype. But this is not the case in the rest of Italy, especially in the South.

There you go! I hope that these Italian curse words have made you laugh.

Remember that swearing may significantly vary from region to region, and even from province to province in Italy. In this post, I have mainly focused on swearwords and insults that are commonly used in standard Italian.

WARNING: This story includes an image of an injury that some readers may find disturbing.

Matt Garrick

ABC

March 24, 2023

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-24/attacked-darwin-security-guard-feels-linked-to-bottle-shop-death/102138142

At a time of ‘permacrisis’ and ‘gaslighting’ the Macquarie judges wisely went local, embracing teal as word of the year

Roslyn Petelin
The Conversation
November 29, 2022

The Macquarie Dictionary has announced its word of the year – “teal” – also chosen recently by the Australian National Dictionary Centre as its word of 2022.

Teal, a colour that’s not quite green and not quite blue, is, of course, a peculiarly Australian choice. As is the Macquarie people’s choice: “bachelor’s handbag”. I wonder who came up with this as a term for supermarket BBQ chicken (and pork and beef) sold in plastic bags with handles. And why narrowly confine it to the demographic of “bachelor”? Did we really need this term? Will it catch on?

But let’s return to the Macquarie committee’s choice. The greenish-blue colour was used by several independent candidates for their promotional material in the 2022 federal election. A loosely-aligned group of female professionals turned politicians successfully challenged incumbents in blue-ribbon seats, resulting in a “teal bath”. Teal is now used as a term to cover independent centrists whose key policies support strong action on climate change and the establishment of a federal integrity commission.

It’s easy to see how it was chosen as word of the year because it gained currency during the election campaign and has been useful ever since. “It’s not a brand-new word,” said the committee, “but a brand-new sense that no-one saw coming.” I thought at first “teal” was an odd, uncreative choice, but I have come round to it because of its serious political importance here.

The Macquarie committee’s runner up was “truth-telling”, “the act of relating the facts of a situation, exclusive of embellishment or dilution as justification of past actions”. So, both leading committee choices are centred on the Australian political landscape of the past 12 months.

Other major international dictionaries – Oxford, Cambridge, Collins, and Merriam-Webster – base their decision on data generated by the number of “lookups” registered on their online dictionaries during the year. Macquarie, however, relies on a committee of experts to choose its word of the year.

The people at Collins Dictionary have chosen “permacrisis” to represent the extended period of instability and insecurity worldwide. Surprisingly, Macquarie’s list hasn’t highlighted the war in Ukraine or climate change.

Merriam-Webster has chosen the psychological manipulation of “gaslighting”. Merriam has reported a 1,749% increase of “lookups” in 2022, an indication, perhaps, of the ubiquity of this horrible, manipulative practice.

Cambridge has acknowledged the North American influence of the word game Wordle by choosing “homer” (home run).

COVID virgins and cookers

Australia’s Macquarie has provided a rather colourful long-list of words spanning 14 categories with some quirky choices.

Several are related to the COVID-19 pandemic including “spicy cough” (for COVID-19 itself), “COVID virgin” (for those who have remained free of it), “pandemic brain” (for the diminished mental capacity some people have experienced, such as forgetfulness and lack of concentration), “goblin mode” (to embrace the indolence and slovenliness – supposedly characterised by goblins – brought on by the enforced isolation of lockdowns), and “cooker” (a person protesting against vaccine mandates).

Omicron makes the list, but, surprisingly, long COVID doesn’t.

A couple of other long-listed words also evoke the pandemic: “quiet quitting” (strictly limiting oneself to performing the task and hours worked as specified in one’s job description) and “e-change” (a move from the city to a rural environment enabled by being able to work remotely).

Technology is represented by “bossware” (software that allows a boss to remotely monitor and measure staff activity and productivity) and “yassify” (which allows a person to apply multiple filters and edits to an image or digital photo, thereby transforming the original to a glamorous, more beautiful version).

A choice I would classify as good and useful is “pre-bunking” (the practice of challenging the veracity of misinformation and disinformation and the authority of its source, BEFORE such information is disseminated).

One term I would classify as unnecessary is “passenger princess” to describe someone who is old enough to have a driver’s licence, but always remains a passenger.

In the fashion category, we have “Barbiecore” for the hot pink redolent of Barbie outfits. Then there’s “fauxgan” for a non-genuine bogan who dresses like a real one. How could one tell?

Most of us will have noticed the “shrinkflation” adopted by food stores, whereby products have been reduced in size and quality while prices have remained the same or, in many cases, also increased. And many will have suffered from “orthosomnia”, caused by a preoccupation with obtaining the amount and quality of sleep recommended by wearable sleep-tracking devices, thereby making our sleep quality worse.

Goblins again

If you have a hankering to express your view on the words of 2022, for the first time, Oxford has opened its award up by inviting its international readership to vote (open until December 2). It has provided three terms from which to choose: “metaverse” (the virtual reality environment), #IStandWith" (a hashtag used to express solidarity), and “goblin mode”.

WORD: Horripilation

horripilation

[ haw-rip-uh-ley-shuhn, ho- ]

(noun) a bristling of the hair on the skin from cold, fear, etc.; goosebumps.

ORIGIN

The horri- part comes from a Latin verb meaning “to bristle,” and this verb is also the source of words such as horrendous, horrify, and horror. Unlike terror, which literally has to do with being frightened, the root of horror is all about hair standing on its end! In addition, the -pil- part of horripilation is a Latin stem meaning “hair.”

Horripilation was first recorded in English in the 1650s.

EXAMPLE

As the truck set off on the haunted hayride route, the riders experienced some horripilation in anticipation of the scares ahead.

WORD: Cacimbo

cacimbo [noun]

[kuh-sim-boh] 

A heavy mist or drizzle that occurs in the Congo Basin, often accompanied by onshore winds.

ORIGIN

Cacimbo “a heavy mist that occurs in the Congo Basin” is a borrowing from Portuguese, which in turn likely adapted the term from the word for “well (for water)” in Kimbundu, a Bantu language of northern Angola. Because the former Portuguese Empire maintained a presence in several parts of western and southern Africa, numerous terms originating in African languages (particularly the Niger-Congo family) passed into Portuguese, which is still an official language in six African countries. With Portuguese as an intermediary, English has inherited batuque, samba, and the recent Word of the Day capoeira, all probably from West African languages. Cacimbo was first recorded in English in the early 1860s.

EXAMPLE

The wind can really get strong here, very powerful, you know. It’s so sweet in the cacimbo, when you’re inside with something warm to drink and you can hear it rushing through the trees outside. It’s beautiful, really beautiful…

DENIS KEHOE, WALKING ON DRY LAND, 2011

For a long time there was no rain. Ludo watered the flowerbeds with the water that had accumulated in the swimming pool. Finally there was a rip in the cold curtain of low-hanging clouds, which in Luanda they call cacimbo, and the rain came down again.

JOSÉ EDUARDO AGUALUSA, A GENERAL THEORY OF OBLIVION, TRANSLATED BY DANIEL HAHN, 2015

WORD: Ratoon

ratoon [ra-toon]

NOUN 

A sprout or shoot from the root of a plant, especially a sugarcane, after it has been cropped.

ORIGIN

Ratoon “a sprout from the root of a plant” is likely anglicized from Spanish retoño “sprout,” which is based on the verb retoñar “to sprout again in the fall,” from re- “again” and otoño “fall, autumn.” Spanish otoño and English autumn together come from Latin autumnus, which is of uncertain origin, even stumping expert linguists! Among the few proposals are connections to the Etruscan language, to Latin augēre (stem auct-) “to increase,” or distantly to English sere “dry, withered” (compare archaic English sere month “August”). Old English ​​hærfest “autumn” is the source of modern English harvest. Ratoon was first recorded in English circa 1630.

EXAMPLES 

Sugarcane is one of the few crops that has seen an increase in planting area. But across Maharashtra, large fields of sugarcane ratoons—the new cane that grows from the stubble left behind from the previous year—are drying up instead of being nurtured to maturity.

BIMAN MUKHERJI, “IN INDIA'S FARMING HEARTLAND, BARELY A RAINDROP FALLS,” THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, JULY 26, 2012

Giant banana leaves, ratoons of sugar cane and bright orange guavas—set amid a jumble of sheds, trellises, fences and retaining walls—give the hill the look of a rural village carved from jungle.

JOE MOZINGO, “ONE OF L.A.'S OLDEST COMMUNITY GARDENS THRIVED FOR DECADES. THEN THE WATER WARS BEGAN.” LOS ANGELES TIMES, JUNE 4, 2018